Wellness Library

Food-Borne Illness (Food Poisoning)

Food-borne disease occurs when foods aren't cooked, handled, or stored properly and become contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins (poisons). Food-borne disease can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. Symptoms may not appear for 24 to 48 hours.

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When to Go to the Emergency Room (ER)

Call 911 or your local emergency number if:

  • You have severe symptoms, such as bloody vomit or diarrhea, or symptoms lasting more than 12 hours.

  • You are elderly; have stomach or colon problems, chronic liver disease, or hemochromatosis; or have a suppressed immune system.

  • You suspect botulism. This is a toxin found mainly in home-canned foods. Symptoms often begin within 12 to 36 hours. They include headache, blurred vision, and muscle weakness. Botulism can be fatal. Don't delay getting help.

If you have a mild food-borne illness:

  • Rest and drink plenty of liquids.

  • Avoid solid foods until you feel better.

  • Don't take antidiarrheal medications unless your doctor tells you to.

What to Expect in the ER

A doctor will ask you about your illness and examine you carefully. Your blood pressure, pulse, breathing rate, and temperature will be checked. A sample of your stool may be tested for bacteria. There are many types of foodborne diseases, so treatment will depend on your symptoms. You'll likely be given fluids through a vein in your arm. This helps replace water and minerals lost with vomiting and diarrhea. You may be admitted to the hospital if your symptoms are very severe.