First Aid: Allergic Reactions
First Aid: Allergic Reactions
Limited Reaction
A limited (localized) reaction affects only the area of contact. Some reactions may not show up for days. Others can occur almost immediately.
1
Stop the Source
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If the person has been stung, scrape the stinger away with the edge of a credit card or the dull edge of a knife. DON'T use fingers or tweezers to remove a stinger. If pinched, the stinger may empty its venom into the skin.
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If the reaction is caused by eating a specific food or taking a medication, the victim should not eat or take the substance again.
2
Treat Skin Irritation
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Wash insect bites with soap and water.
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Remove and wash in hot water all clothing that may have plant oils (or any other substance that has caused a reaction) on them. Shower with plenty of soap to wash remaining plant oils (or other allergen) off the skin.
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Control itching by making a thick paste of baking soda and water. Apply the paste directly to the skin.
Severe Reaction
A severe (systemic) reaction affects the entire body. In extreme cases, the airways from mouth to lungs may swell (anaphylaxis). The reaction may be immediate or develop over several hours.
1
Calm the Person
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Help the victim into a comfortable position. Prop up the head to aid breathing.
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Tell the victim to remain still and limit talking.
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If the person carries medication (epinephrine) to control anaphylaxis, help him or her use it.
2
Monitor Breathing
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Watch for signs of airway swelling such as wheezing or swollen lips. With an extreme reaction, the victim may have trouble getting any breath.
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Perform rescue breathing, if needed. In extreme cases, you may not be able to get air into the lungs.
Call 911 immediately if the victim has any of the following:
While you wait for help:
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An allergic reaction may become more serious over time. Seek medical help if any of the following is true:
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